We, the Okoa Uchumi Campaign partners and citizens from different parts of Kenya dedicated to
strengthening public participation and social accountability in the public debt process are deeply
concerned by the Government’s recently released estimated budget for the 2024/25 FY and the
Finance Bill 2024.
The current trajectory of rising taxes poses a dire threat to citizens' access to vital services, essential
for the full realization of their fundamental rights and freedoms. As staunch advocates for human
rights and the interests of marginalised members of society, we express profound concern over
the escalating cost of living, compounded by punitive, unattainable, and unpredictable tax policies.
It is deeply troubling to witness significant budget reductions averaging 11% in critical sectors such
as education, research, social protection, disaster response, and agriculture. Meanwhile, certain
Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) within the executive are experiencing budget
expansions. This imbalance not only jeopardizes the well-being of citizens but also undermines
the government's duty to prioritize essential services that uphold the dignity and prosperity of all
individuals.
Whereas, Article 10 of the Constitution identifies public participation as one of the fundamental
principles of good governance, it is very disappointing to be invited to a tokenistic, meaningless
and exclusive public participation exercise as currently conducted by the government. It is a
worrying trend that citizens' voices do not find their way into the final policies approved by
parliament despite being invited to give their opinions. It is this very Hon Kuria-led-committee
that rejected over 63% (Twaweza EA, CFA Report 2023) of citizens' views on the Finance Act
2023 and once again we are staring at an exercise that is meant to tick boxes. Further, there has
been no deliberate efforts by parliament to allocate sufficient resources to facilitate constituency-based all-inclusive public participation to afford Kenyans from all walks of life an opportunity to
share their opinions and views. Without addressing the teething problems bedevilling our public
participation framework and total disregard of public opinions by the parliament, Kenyans will
continue to be taken for a ride and their rights violated with impunity.

The Finance Bill, 2024

The non-citizen-focused budget is proposed to be financed by increased taxes to Kenyan taxpayers
without commensurate investment in apt service delivery; thus, the burden on Kenyans is set to
further worsen if the Finance Bill, 2024 is passed into law. The Finance Bill, 2024 proposes unfair,
unjust and harsh clauses which will be to the detriment of the common mwananchi. The Bill is keen
to impose heavy tax burdens on the common mwananchi by attacking every aspect of their lives,
from the food they eat for health and spiritual communion, to the cars they use to travel either as
commuters or owners, the communication sector that is a major source of social cohesion and
health, and the banking sector, particularly mobile banking, that drives most economic
transactions in Kenya. A Kenyan taxpayer is staring at a short, miserable life with a raft of
violations from the government.
Despite the government’s elaborate plans to increase the tax burden, they have not reciprocated
the same energy towards the fight against revenue leakages through corruption, wastage, illicit
trade and money laundering. According to the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, Kenya
loses Ksh. 608 billion/= (7.8% of the country's GDP) to corruption annually. The Corruption
perception index 2023 places Kenya at a score of 31/100, which shows deterioration in the Kenya
anti-corruption efforts. It is under this premise that the Okoa Uchumi asserts that continued
taxation without accountability is extortion. An attempt by the government to meet its debt
obligations, some of which are odious debt and hence not legitimate and should not be a burden
to the citizens. The coalition members, oppose a number of the proposals that are problematic
and inconsiderate of the current economic situation as follows:

1. Enshrining a proposal exempting KRA from the constraints of the Data Protection Act in
   accessing taxpayers’ data. This is a flagrant violation of one’s right to privacy as set out
   under Article 24 (2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. There are high chances of
   surveillance for taxation purposes to be used for persecution.
2. Proposal to remove gluten bread and unleavened bread from VAT while also removing
   VAT zero rating on the supply of ordinary bread, milk, cream and all inputs and raw
   materials produced both locally and imported. This is bound to increase these items' costs,
   and the majority will not be able to afford them. This will be an abuse of the government's
   duty to ensure that food is available and accessible. A clear violation of the right to food.
3. Proposals to introduce a tax on motor vehicles at 2.5% of the value of the vehicle. The
   implication of this is that it is likely to increase the tax burden of citizens. This tax is
   problematic because it is not progressive in nature because the minimum tax payable will
   be Kshs. 5000 hence owners whose cars are less than Kshs. 200,000 will pay more than
   2.5% of the value of their vehicles. On the other hand, those whose vehicles are more than
   Kshs. 4,000,000 will pay a lower tax rate since this tax is capped at Kshs.100,000. This tax
   is unjust and burdensome to middle and low-income earners.
4. The proposal to empower KRA to require taxpayers to integrate eTIMS. Failure to comply
   with this requirement will result in a monthly penalty not exceeding Kshs. 2 million. This
   will mainly target and hurt small businesses since large businesses are already integrated
   with KRA systems.
5. The proposal is to increase the import declaration fee from 2.5% to 3%, which will increase
   the cost of imported goods.
6. Proposal to increase the excise on telephone and internet data services. This comes at a
   time when the government declared its support for the digital world. Imposing such a tax
   will hinder many from accessing information purposes such as education and current
   affairs and will also impact the ease of communication.

We wish to highlight and bring to attention the negative effects that the budget estimates for the
2024/25 FY and the Finance Bill, 2024 will have on public service delivery, and the economy at
large. The protest on some proposals of the Finance Bill 2024 are grounds to show that Kenyans
can shape the fiscal discourse in our country as provided for in our Public Finance Management
Act, 2012 and the Constitution of Kenya. We desire to see a country where accountability is highly
valued and where talks on fiscal consolidation are led by the Executive and the Legislature in a
manner that is dignified, justified and takes into account the welfare of an ordinary Kenyan
Taxpayer.
The government should explore alternative measures to meet its revenue collection and stop
overtaxing citizens and businesses. We urge Members of Parliament to reject the proposals that
seek to overtax the already suffering Kenyan. Efforts should also be directed to tax compliance on
the existing taxes and a pursuit for accountability of all revenue collected. Further, the government
must demonstrate by deed that it is committed to fight corruption, wastage and illicit financial
flows.
Based on this, Okoa Uchumi will continue amplifying their proposals as submitted to parliament
by the people. Additionally, the campaign will mobilise all Kenyan citizens to inform their
members of Parliament on their stand on the finance bill 2024.

Sincerely,
The undersigned Okoa Uchumi Campaign Members:
1. ActionAid International Kenya
2. African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD)
3. Amnesty International Kenya
4. Bunge Mashinani School of Governance
5. Centre for Fiscal Affairs
6. Centre for Economic Governance (CEG)
7. Centre for Enhancing Democracy and Good Governance (CEDGG)
8. Christian Aid Kenya
9. Community Advocacy and Awareness Trust (CRAWN Trust)
10. EACHRights
11. East Africa Tax and Governance Network
12. Fight Inequality Alliance Kenya
13. IBON Africa
14. Institute of Public Finance
15. International Budget Partnership Kenya (IBPK)
16. Inuka Kenya Ni Sisi!
17. Katiba Institute
18. Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC)

Dear comrade,

The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) presents its 2023-2024 annual report, fully aware that the injustices our founders sought to end persist today.

State impunity and human rights violations remain entrenched in our society.

Nevertheless, we celebrate our victories, however modest they seem to others. For us, they represent significant achievements that must be acknowledged.

We understand that the path to a free society is rugged and challenging. Our mission is to smooth this road, making it more navigable. Giving up is not an option—we remain firm in our commitment.

Friend,

The Kenya Kwanza regime completed its first year in office in 2023, yet its leadership remains in perpetual campaign mode.

The electorate's expectations are unmet, and campaign promises have not been fulfilled.

Impunity and hostility toward human rights organizations have grown.

This regime continues to violate constitutional and human rights through its enforcement agencies.

Inclusive governance remains a distant goal, and public figures, including the president and deputy president, make divisive statements based on ethnic and regional voting patterns.

The high cost of living burdens citizens, with no relief measures in place.

Protests demanding affordable living costs are met with excessive police force, brutality, killings, and arbitrary arrests.

Meanwhile, multinational corporations continue to violate the rights of our people through sexual abuses, denial of land rights, and other transgressions.

Comrade,

These examples highlight the many battles we still face.

We need your support in this struggle.

Remember, united we stand, divided we fall. Join us now. As you read this report, may it inspire you to advocate for justice.

Every effort counts, no matter how small it may seem. Take action, and you will see the change you desire.

Aluta continua!

Read the 2023-2024 annual report here.

On 7th March 2024, The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) brought to the attention of the nation a pressing issue plaguing our society: the crisis of unintended teenage pregnancies, which is a gross human rights violation. Statistics from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2022 report indicated that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Kenya stood at 15% among adolescent girls aged 15 - 19 years with some counties such as Samburu having the highest prevalence at 50%.

Further, a report by the National Syndemic Disease Control Council (NSDCC) revealed that 696 adolescent girls were impregnated daily in 2023.  As a result of these shocking and alarming statistics, The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) launched the red card campaign where we red carded twenty (20) governors and the CS for Health for abetting pregnancies among adolescents' girls by failing to develop and implement sufficient policy frameworks to protect our adolescent girls. The twenty governors represent counties with the highest cases of teenage pregnancies in percentages and in absolute numbers as reported by the KDHS 2022 report. The red carded governors leading in percentages included:

1. Samburu’s Jonathan Lelelit – 50%
2. West Pokot’s Simon Kachapin – 36%
3. Marsabit’s Mohammud Ali – 29%
4. Migori’s Ochilo Ayako – 23%
5. Kajiado’s Joseph Ole Lenku – 21%
6. Baringo’s Benjamin Chesire Cheboi – 20%
7. Siaya’s James Orengo – 20%
8. Taita Taveta’s Andrew Mwadime – 18%
9. Trans Nzoia’s George Natembeya – 17%
10. Isiolo’s Abdi Ibrahim Hassan – 16%

The red carded governors leading in numbers included.

1. Nairobi’s Johnson Sakaja- (452)
2. Kakamega’s Fernandes Barasa - (328)
3. Bungoma’s Kenneth Lusaka - (294)
4. Nakuru’s Susan Kihika - (283)
5. Kiambu’s Kimani Wamatangi - (267)
6. Kilifi’s Gideon Mung’aro - (224)
7. Meru’s Kawira Mwangaza - (206)
8. Kisii’s Simba Arati- (192)
9. Machakos’ Wavinya Ndeti - (178)
10. Narok’s Patrick Ole Ntutu - (176)

We also called on the following to take decisive actions to mitigate unintended adolescent pregnancies:

1. The Ministry of Health to recommit to the Eastern and Southern Africa Commitment on comprehensive sexual education.
2. The Ministry of Education to ensure that every teenage girl who falls pregnant is unconditionally permitted back to school and provided with the necessary psychosocial support without discrimination.
3. Governor Kenneth Lusaka to retract his statement against schoolgirls who fall pregnant and commit to facilitating their education.
4. The Council of Governors to interrogate the crisis as a matter of urgency and offer a collective voice on policy issues affecting the prevention and management of teenage pregnancies in Kenya.
5. The parents in line with the Children’s Act and the constitution of Kenya to promote the well-being and welfare of their children.

To follow up on the red cards, we sustained a comprehensive mainstream and social media campaign to urge the 20 governors to take proactive measures to address the alarming rates of teenage pregnancies in their counties and to also stir a national conversation on this crisis.

Beyond issuing the red cards and the media campaign, we sent official letters to the 20 governors asking them to explain the specific practical interventions and guidelines they have developed to address the crisis of teenage pregnancies in their respective counties. None of the governors have replied to our request.

Recognizing that the plight of these adolescent girls cannot be ignored and the need to take swift and decisive actions to protect the rights, dignity and well-being of our girls, we have decided to exercise our right to petition parliament as provided for in articles 119 and 37 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

PETITIONS TO THE SENATE AND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

The two Petitions brought under Articles 1, 2, 3, 10, 19, 27, 28, 29, 37, 43, 95, 118 and 119 of the Constitution of Kenya, Petitions to Parliament (Procedures) Act and Standing Orders 219 and 223 of The National Assembly was filed and received on the 18th of April 2024 at the Senate and National Assembly main records unit. In the petition to the Senate, the KHRC urges the Senate to;

1. Within reasonable time, summon the twenty (20) governors from counties with the highest rates of teenage pregnancies to explain the specific practical interventions and guidelines they have developed to address the crisis of teenage pregnancies in their respective counties.

In the petition to the National Assembly, the KHRC urges the National Assembly to,

1. Within reasonable time summon the Cabinet Secretary for The Ministry of Health to appear before it for the purpose of explaining the policy interventions and guidelines the Ministry has developed on sexual and reproductive health for our adolescent girls and elucidate Kenya’s commitment to the Eastern and Southern Africa Commitment on comprehensive sexual education.  
2. Summon the Cabinet Secretary for The Ministry of Education to appear before it for the purpose of explaining the policy interventions and guidelines that the Ministry has taken to ensure that every adolescent girl who falls pregnant is unconditionally permitted back to school and provided with the necessary psychosocial support without discrimination.

These petitions reflect our unwavering commitment to advocating for the rights and welfare of adolescent girls across the country and our firm belief in the accountability of governmental institutions to address these critical issues. We trust that Parliament will exercise its mandate under articles 95 and 96 of the constitution and respond with the urgency and gravity that this matter demands to effect meaningful oversight for the sake of the future of our nation.

Thank you.

Signed,

Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC)

Nairobi, Kenya—On April 15, 2024, the world marked one year since the outbreak of war in Sudan. 

It has been a year of immense hardship for countless innocent civilians caught in the crossfire.

The ongoing conflict has led to widespread suffering, including violence, hunger, and displacement.

More than 8.6 million people have fled their homes, with 1.8 million people, primarily women and children, crossing to neighboring countries.

Thousands are still crossing the borders to South Sudan and Chad.

Urgent action is needed to address the humanitarian crisis and uphold human rights. 

The international community, along with organizations like the African Union and the United Nations, must intensify efforts to protect civilians and prevent further violence.

There is a critical need to provide increased humanitarian assistance to those most affected by this conflict. This includes ensuring access to essentials like shelter, clean water, and medical care.

Monitoring human rights abuses and coordinating international support are vital aspects of the collective response to the crisis in Sudan.

Diplomatic initiatives and mediation efforts must succeed. They are needed to facilitate dialogue between warring factions and work towards a lasting peace agreement. 

Establishing mechanisms for justice and accountability is essential to holding perpetrators of human rights violations accountable and providing justice for victims.

Looking ahead

Concerted action is needed from all quarters to end the war in Sudan, as the stories and images from the country serve as a stark reminder of the human cost of this conflict.

Long-term investment in Sudan's infrastructure, education, and healthcare systems is important for rebuilding communities and promoting stability.

Involving local communities, civil society organizations, and women's groups fosters inclusive peacebuilding processes. 

Let's join hands to make a meaningful difference in the lives of the Sudanese people and contribute to a brighter future for the country.

Nairobi, Kenya— Busia Senator and comrade Okiya Omtatah has during the last 20 years faced many attacks for his strong opposition to the gross injustices the country is facing.

These strikes have escalated in recent months, culminating in the invasion of his rural home on April 3, 2024, at night. 

Omtatah is a spirited human rights and social justice defender. He is known for his staunch resistance to unconstitutional and anti-people decisions made by the deeply oppressive organs of the Kenyan State. They include but are not limited to the national and county governments and assemblies across regimes.

Most recently, he and others - including KHRC - contested the Housing Levy, which the court deemed unconstitutional, yet the Kenya Kwanza regime persists in enforcing it.

The first attack occurred on December 16, 2023, when William Ruto openly made what appeared to be a death threats against Omtatah and others opposing the Housing Levy. During a church event at Cardinal High School in Mosocho, Ruto suggested using the ceremonial sword handed to him during his swearing-in to deal with those opposing the levy.

Despite Omtatah's attempt to report the threat at Nyanchwa police station in Kisii, authorities turned him away.

On March 22, 2024, assailants accosted Omtatah outside a court in Busia, pelting him with stones as he departed. Though his vehicle sustained damage, Omtatah escaped unharmed.

In the latest incident on April 3, 2024, at night, assailants raided Omtatah's rural home, injuring his wife after they failed locate him.

All these systemic attacks present a worrying trend given our dark history where progressive political and civic actors, and activists have faced assassinations, among other repressive actions.

KHRC believes these attacks are undoubtedly linked to Omtatah's activism, which involves defending human rights, challenging illegal government directives, and advocating for accountability. It is evident that influential people within the Kenya Kwanza administration are displeased with Omtatah's powerful actions.

An assault on Omtatah is an attack on our democratic, and civil rights and freedoms. It threatens the environment in which we fought so hard to have and shape our nation's political, legislative, social, and economic landscape.

Those orchestrating these attacks, likely state operatives, aim to silence activists and deter opposition to the government. However, their actions only bolster our determination to hold this regime accountable.

We demand that the Inspector-General of Police, Japheth Koome, ensure Omtatah's safety and that of all activists in the country.

Nairobi, Kenya—The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) is alarmed by the attacks on independent fiscal institutions, which seriously threaten democracy, accountability, and the rule of law in the country and the essence of our sovereignty. 

The current regime has taken over from where the Jubilee administration left off. It is perpetrating egregious violations and political manipulations of independent fiscal institutions, outrightly disregarding the constitutional mandates of the offices of the Controller of Budget (CoB), Auditor General (OAG), Commission on Revenue Allocations (CRA) and the Salaries and Remuneration Commissions (SRC).

Lest we forget

The demand for independent regulatory and oversight institution offices in Kenya was, without a shadow of a doubt, in response to the rise of widespread authoritarian leadership, heightened corruption, and the mismanagement of public resources by the previous governments. 

These independent institutions and offices are embedded in our Constitution. They are expected to enhance democracy and accountability by monitoring and overseeing government actions that have a bearing on public resources.

Establishing these institutions in the Constitution was meant to signal their importance and ensure they were not tinkered with for political expediency. 

Why the attack

On numerous occasions, the independent fiscal institutions within their mandate have sounded an alarm of mismanagement of public monies and flaunting various public finance management laws by different government entities, including the Executive. 

These range from a mockery of the budget process, which has seen payments made to non-existing projects at both national and counties, overpriced projects occasioning loss of public funds, abandonment of projects initiated by previous governments, budgeted corruption, reallocation of development expenditure to luxurious and non-essential items, limited spending and absorption of the development budgets, extravagant foreign and domestic travels by particularly members of the county assemblies, ballooned wage bill and reckless borrowing that has seen the country's public debt surpass the stipulated Sh10 trillion ceiling, among others. 

As raised by the independent fiscal institutions, the above issues are of grave magnitude. They should be treated with the utmost seriousness by any concerned Kenyan and more so by the parliament and Executive, who are obligated to safeguard the rule of law. 

Further, if unchecked, these issues will cause the country to plunge into bankruptcy and denial of essential services by the government to the taxpayers.

Systemic assaults

The Office of the Auditor General, a beacon of financial scrutiny, faces systemic assaults. There are attempts to dilute the office's independence through the amendment of the Public Audit Act (PAA). Further, the government-sponsored Public Audit (Amendment) Bill 2024 before parliament, if passed, will remove the Auditor-General as the head of the national audit office. This appears to be a subtle attempt to conceal the damming loss of public funds that the Auditor-General has been revealing through official reports or media statements.

The December 2023 abduction of Margaret Nyakang'o, the CoB, and her subsequent coerced journey to Mombasa reeked of intimidation tactics employed to stifle dissent and muzzle fiscal watchdogs. Before her arrest, Nyakang'o had exposed financial rot within this regime. While appearing before the National Dialogue Committee, the CoB questioned government taxation policy and revealed a budgeted corruption scheme. She said that state officers' salaries had been over budgeted to over Sh1.5 billion, demanding the relocation of the money. The matter fizzled out, and we highly doubt if the culpable officers faced disciplinary action.

Like the CoB, the office of the Auditor-General is being targeted for exposing the damning loss of public money. In January this year, the office's head, Nancy Gathungu, lifted the lid on the Sh67 billion loss of public funds through fake payments made to pensioners whose identity is also in question. Gathungu showed how top civil servants manning the scheme were, among others, using duplicate IDs to enroll fake claimants, occasioning the loss of taxpayers' money. No tangible action has been taken to bring the culprits to account. This matters because public funds were lost with no consequences.

Call to action

Independent institutions, such as the OAG, CoB, CRA, and SRC, are critical in ensuring the checks and balances necessary for a functioning democracy. The independent fiscal institutions serve as bulwarks against abuse of power, corruption, and impunity, and their autonomy must be respected and protected at all costs. 

We demand that:

1. Political attacks—through laws and smear campaigns— aimed at clipping these offices' powers and making them subservient to the Executive must stop.
2. The Executive and parliament must uphold the independence of these institutions and refrain from any actions, including underfunding and disregarding their decisions, that may undermine their credibility or effectiveness. 
3. Every citizen must demand accountability and adherence to constitutional mandates by all the three arms of government.

Uganda's Constitutional Court has upheld most provisions of the Anti-Homosexuality Act of 2023, placing LGBTQ+ individuals at increased risk of violence and discrimination.

On April 3, 2024, the court said the Act was constitutional but only nullified four sections—areas that do not adequately address the overarching human rights violations embedded within them.

This is deeply concerning.

The court's decision falls short of safeguarding the fundamental rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.

The law, in its entirety, perpetuates discrimination, stigma, and violence against LGBTQ+ individuals, violating their rights to privacy, freedom of expression, and equality before the law.

Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni, on May 29, 2023, signed the law based on public outcry and anecdotal evidence. His actions—and those of MPs who passed the law—undermine the principles of democracy and the rule of law. Human rights cannot be subject to popular opinion or emotional rhetoric; they must be protected and upheld without discrimination.

We know an appeal is being filed at the Supreme Court to stop this law. KHRC supports it and urges Uganda's apex court to declare the entire Act unconstitutional.

KHRC stands in solidarity with the LGBTQ+ community in Uganda and calls for an end to discrimination and violence against them.

Nairobi, Kenya—As we approach the International Women's Day celebrations, we must address a pressing issue plaguing our society: the crisis of unintended teenage pregnancies in Kenya, which comes with gross human rights violations. A recent report by the National Syndemic Disease Control Council (NSDCC) sounded the alarm, revealing a shocking statistic of 696 adolescent girls impregnated daily in 2023.

These numbers are a result of, among others, a lack of access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services and education. Health is a function shared between the counties and the national government, and as such, both share the blame for this crisis. Moreover, parents have a responsibility, under the Children’s Act and the constitution of Kenya, to promote the well-being and welfare of their children. The constitution tasks counties to promote primary and public healthcare to mitigate these unintended teenage pregnancies. Separately, the national government, through the Ministry of Health, is responsible for developing guidelines and policies for healthcare provision, including sexual and reproductive health.

Therefore, the national government’s action can potentially suppress or escalate the crisis at hand. In May 2023, the Ministry of Health pulled out of a major regional commitment that would have mitigated unintended teenage pregnancies and reduced HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Kenya withdrew from the Eastern and Southern African (ESA) ministerial commitment to comprehensive sexual education. The withdrawal signals the lack of commitment by the government to protect our girls from early and unintended pregnancies and enforce laws to stop this scourge.

Resolving this crisis seems distant, especially considering the reckless remarks made by some leaders, including Bungoma Governor Kenneth Lusaka. Lusaka said pregnant girls should be barred from returning to class, undermining their right to education and victimizing them more. Ironically, Bungoma is one of the highest contributors to teenage pregnancy, with a prevalence rate of 19 per cent at the county level compared to the national average of 15 percent.

Counties with high teenage pregnancies

KHRC analyzed data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2022 report and came up with the top 10 counties with high numbers of teenage pregnancies among adolescent girls aged 15 - 19 years. Our girls cannot be reduced to statistics. Every girl counts, and a human rights violation affecting one girl is significant. The counties, according to KDHS, are:

1. Nairobi County (452)
2. Kakamega County (328)
3. Bungoma County (294)
4. Nakuru County (283)
5. Kiambu County (267)
6. Kilifi County (224)
7. Meru County (206)
8. Kisii County (192)
9. Machakos County (178)
10. Narok County (176)

Based on this, KHRC is issuing red cards to the following governors and a Cabinet Secretary for not making tangible and progressive steps to mitigate these unintended teenage pregnancies:

1. Nairobi’s Johnson Sakaja
2. Bungoma’s Kenneth Lusaka
3. Kakamega’s Fernades Barasa
4. Nakuru’s Susan Kihika
5. Machakos’ Wavinya Ndeti
6. Kiambu’s Kimani Wamatangi
7. Kilifi’s Gideon Mung’aro
8. Meru’s Kawera Mwangaza
9. Kisii’s Simba Arati
10. Narok’s Patrick Ole Ntutu

And, 

11. Health CS Susan Nakhumicha.

We are also highlighting counties with the highest per capita contribution to teenage pregnancies in Kenya. These are:

1. Samburu County 50.1 percent
2. West Pokot 36.3 percent
3. Marsabit 29.4 percent
4. Migori 23.0 percent
5. Kajiado 21.8 percent
6. Baringo 20.3 percent
7. Siaya 20.9 percent
8. Taita Taveta 18 percent
9. Trans Nzoia 17.8 percent
10. Isiolo 16.7 percent

Consequently, KHRC is issuing cards to the following governors for not making tangible and progressive steps to mitigate these unintended teenage pregnancies: 

1. Samburu’s Jonathan Lelelit
2. West Pokot’s Simon Kachapin
3. Marsabit’s Mohammud Ali
4. Migori’s Ochilo Ayako
5. Kajiado’s Joseph Ole Lenku
6. Baringo’s Benjamin Chesire Cheboi
7. Siaya’s James Orengo
8. Taita Taveta’s Andrew Mwadime
9. Trans Nzoia’s George Natembeya
10. Isiolo’s Abdi Ibrahim Hassan

According to the KDHS, some of the causes of these pregnancies included poverty, sexual gender-based violence, low levels of education, harmful cultural practices, and; from other studies, the extended school closures experienced since 2020.

As a result, girls aged 15 to 19 years often face numerous human rights violations.

• The right to education: girls form a large percentage of school drop-outs
• The rights to life and dignity: teenage pregnancies contribute to life-threatening conditions
• The right to health: They face barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services against Article 43 of the Constitution of Kenya.
• The right to equality and freedom from discrimination: many of these girls are exposed to stigma and other forms of discrimination
• The right to freedom and security of the person: owing to the exposure to sexual and gender-based violence faced by our girls

Overall, the above consequences amount to a violation of Article 53(1) (d) of the Constitution, which provides that every child has a right to be protected from abuse, neglect, harmful cultural practices, all forms of violence, inhumane treatment and punishment, among others.

The above have been red-carded for the aforementioned teenage pregnancies, which could have been prevented had the governors implemented proactive strategies to address them per county mandate. Additionally, Kenya's withdrawal from the Eastern and Southern African (ESA) ministerial commitment to comprehensive sexual education and other critical policies could have contributed to these pregnancies. 

Importantly, we call on the following to take decisive actions to mitigate unintended teenage pregnancies:

1.   The Ministry of Health must recommit to the Eastern and Southern Africa Commitment on comprehensive sexual education.  
2.   The Ministry of Education must ensure that every teenage girl who falls pregnant is unconditionally permitted back to school and provided with the necessary psychosocial support without discrimination.
3.   Governor Kenneth Lusaka must retract his statement against schoolgirls who fall pregnant and commit to facilitating their education.
4.   The Council of Governors should interrogate the crisis as a matter of urgency and offer a collective voice on policy issues affecting the prevention and management of teenage pregnancies in Kenya.
5. The parents must, in line with the Children’s Act and the constitution of Kenya, promote the well-being and welfare of their children.

Signed

Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC)

Nairobi, Kenya—Ghana's parliament on February 28 passed the Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values bill, which represents a grave violation of fundamental human rights.

The bill imposes harsher sentences for the LGBTQ+ community. It has a jail term of up to three years for anyone convicted of identifying as LGBTQ+. It also sets a maximum five-year jail term for forming or funding LGBTQ+ groups.

The bill awaits President Nana Akufo-Addo's assent to become law, and poised to be one of the harshest towards the LGBTQ+ community in Africa.  The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) demands the president to veto the bill.

KHRC further demands that Ghana respects its obligation under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and other international human rights instruments. These agreements explicitly protect the rights of all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity, and prohibit discrimination on such grounds.

The passage of the bill undermines Ghana's commitment to regional human rights instruments, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.

The unfortunate development in Ghana will undoubtedly lead to widespread human rights abuses, including discrimination, persecution, and violence against LGBTQ+ individuals. It will foster a climate of fear and intolerance, further marginalizing already vulnerable communities and perpetuating injustice within Ghanaian society, as is the case in Uganda.

In May last year, Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni signed one of the world's strictest anti-LGBTQ+ laws, which spelt out the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuality". African legislators must stop their hate towards the LGBTQ+ community.

KHRC demands that Ghana's President Akufo-Addo veto the bill and reaffirm his commitment to upholding all citizens' fundamental human rights. Ghana should align its laws and policies with international human rights standards and work towards building a society that respects and celebrates diversity in all its forms.

Signed

KHRC

The Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC), MUHURI, and Social Justice Centres Working Group strongly condemn the reckless and insidious attacks by William Ruto against the Judiciary and Kenyans who continue to challenge his repressive policies.

It is noticeably clear what Mr. Ruto is politically scheming against the judiciary in the midst of the deepening political and economic regression under his rulership: having  already infiltrated and captured Parliament and many other independent institutions, he now set his sights on this crucial arm of the state, which remains the core beacon of hope and justice to Kenyans.

His recent remarks are an affront to the doctrine of separation of powers. It is clear that the constitutionally guaranteed, and therefore protected, role to interpret the law belongs with the judiciary. The president, by making the careless and ill-thought remarks, failed to respect the institutional and decisional independence of the judiciary. Mr. Ruto’s action of singling out particular cases in court and publicly disparaging the characters of judicial officers is tantamount to intimidation and a blatant attempt to interfere with the decisional independence of the judiciary.

Further and in what appears to be his characteristic manipulative nature, President Ruto took on a path to set the public against the judiciary when he declared that the courts were being used to halt his development programmes. And in brazen contempt of court, in the full glare of the media, he went on to order the Principal Secretary for Roads to ensure resumption of construction of a road whose determination was still pending in court.

This statement serves as a pointed reminder for Mr. Ruto:  The Judiciary, as explicitly outlined in Article 161 of the Constitution, stands as an independent and equal arm of government. This means that the judiciary is meant to be beholden solely to the Constitution and the people of Kenya, impervious to the meddling fingers of any person or authority. The Judiciary is not his pawn to manipulate; it is an autonomous entity designed to operate beyond the reach of political and executive whims and puppetry. In any case, the president should know better to follow the well-established judicial hierarchy that provides channels for individuals who are dissatisfied by a court decision to appeal or seek review of the decision in a higher court.

For the Judiciary is mandated to ensure justice prevails in all circumstances and therefore should not sacrifice constitutionalism at the altar of political expediency. Its steadfastness in upholding the rule of law should not be misconstrued as corruption and should be protected from the unfettered 'powers' of the Executive. Indeed, we take note that some of the cases coming under the president’s attack raise important and valid issues around public participation and the procedures followed in coming up with laws that impose levies and fees, for instance on the Social Health Insurance Fund and housing projects. As a healthy democracy, it is important that such issues are canvassed and resolved through the platform of a court of law.  Any other way would open floodgates to anarchy.

Moreover, Mr. Ruto should remember that  he is not above the law and the national office he occupies is a creation of the Constitution and the people of Kenya. Thus, his threats to disobey court orders will set a calamitous and regrettable impact on his regime. Given that the executive arm of the government is a key player and beneficiary of the criminal justice, his bad decisions against the judiciary will fuel lawlessness and lead to self-sabotage. He must be reminded that he occupies an immensely important office assigned to him by the people of Kenya. He therefore must exercise great caution in the execution of his mandate and ensure he remains measured in his utterances.

It is utterly disheartening that the treacherous journey undertaken by daring Kenyans since the 1960s to dismantle presidential imperialism and its unbridled control of courts and other state institutions during the autocratic KANU regimes under Presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel Moi culminating in the Constitution of Kenya 2010, is now at risk of being undermined by the divisive and disruptive pronouncements emanating from an office designated as a symbol of national unity. This is a stark indictment of a political system that appears oblivious to the sacrifices and aspirations of the people he is meant to serve.

It also ironical and unacceptable that the regime in its dispatch from State House Nairobi (dated January 3, 2024, and titled "Just for the record") in response to a statement issued by the Law Society of Kenya dated January 3, 2024, mischievously misconstrued its current fights with judiciary with the quest for progressive reforms instituted by the Kibaki regime after the removal of KANU in December 2002. In fact, what we are experiencing is a devious effort to take us back to the horrible and repressive dispensation where judiciary was subservient to the executive.

We cannot forget the fact that a good number of this regime are a product of this bleak, dark past.  It is no wonder we are increasingly creeping into a fascist regime that attempts to suffocate virtually every state agency.  This must be resisted strongly.

One wonders whether the Attorney-General (AG) and the Solicitor-General are in dereliction of their duties. Their primary role is to promote, protect, and uphold the rule of law and champion the public interest as the principal advisors of the President. However, their performances cast doubts on whether they are anything more than spineless enablers of Executive overreach, owing to their allegiance to power over principles.

Demands and Actions

1. President Ruto must immediately issue an unequivocal apology to the Judiciary and stop the attacks, interference, intimidation and threats including to other institutions and all Kenyans who continue to challenge his punitive and retrogressive decisions.
2. Judiciary should consider laying down its tools unless Ruto retracts his political threats and utterances for the rule of law is no longer applicable to this regime.
3. The Kenya Kwanza regime must end its proclivity to autocracy, personal rule and obsession with institutional capture and disregard of the rule of law.
4. Kenyans and the legal fraternity should strongly consider filing complaints with the Law Society of Kenya against the Attorney-General and the Solicitor General for failing to provide sound legal advice to the President regarding the critical role that the Judiciary plays.
5. Finally, and pursuant to Article 3(1), we call upon Kenyans to continue respecting, upholding and defending the Constitution at all times, and by all legal means.

In conclusion, we remain in solidarity with the judiciary on this matter and offer our unequivocal support to the LSK in its call for nationwide demonstrations next week in expression of civic dissent against the attacks by the president. We call upon lawyers and the rest of Kenyans to turn up in big numbers.

May Justice be our Shield and Defender. Aluta Continua

Signed

KHRC

MUHURI

SJCWG